Question
Is Maqaamaat and Lehjah permissible in Qiraat?
Answer
First and foremost, it is praiseworthy and commendable in Shariah to beautify the recitation of the Quraan-e-Majeed.
Nabi Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam has said:
“Beautify the Quraane-Majeed with your voices.”
“Whoever does not recite Qur’an in a nice voice is not from us.”
“This Qur’an was revealed with sorrow, so when you recite it, then weep. If you cannot weep then pretend to weep, and make your voice melodious in reciting it. Whoever does not make his voice melodious, he is not one of us.”
From above we conclude that it is mandatory to recite the Holy Quran with Tajweed and it is meritorious to recite it in a nice voice (without any ‘Takkalluf’ formality and inconvenience) provided that the laws of Tajweed are not overlooked and neglected. Moreover, since it is mandatory to recite it with Tajweed, we should give more importance to Tajweed (correct
pronunciation) then pay attention to beautifying the recitation. We should not lose sight that the primary purpose of the Holy Quran is to ponder over it and take heed, not just exaggerating in beautifying the recitation leading to violating the laws of Tajweed. Unfortunately, today people are guilty of immoderation; either they exaggerate in beautifying the recitation to the extent that it becomes the sole purpose of recitation or they neglect Tajweed and recite incorrectly.
Since Allah Ta’aala has made us a moderate nation, we should exercise moderation (neither exaggerate nor neglect the laws of Tajweed and the beautifying aspect in our recitation). Nonetheless, as far as Maqaamat are concerned, according to our research Maqaam, plural Maqaamaat, is music of the Middle East and parts of North Africa, a set of pitches and of
characteristic melodic elements, or motifs, and a traditional pattern of their use. There is a book written in refutation of Maqaamaat. Before mentioning our view with regards to the Mas’ala, we would like to mention a few aspects from this same book البيان لحكم قراءة القرآن الكريم بالالحان.
Reciting Quran with such tones which are derived from musical patterns is innovation and it was not found in the blessed era of Rasoolullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam and Sahabah Radiallahu Anhum.
Reciting Quran with a nice voice is praiseworthy and commendable in Shariah; however, it should be recited in the tone of the Arabs observing the rules & etiquettes, not in non-Arab tones. The Ahadith with regards to beautifying one’s voice are with regards to reading it with Arab tones and observing the rules & etiquettes, not in non-Arab tones and overlooking the rules of Tajweed.
If the Quran is recited with such tones which are derived from musical patterns, there will be one of two things, either preference is given to the laws of Tajweed over these music tones or vice-versa. In former scenario, the recitation is disliked, since it is the way of transgressors (musicians). Moreover, in the latter case, listening to these kinds of recitals will be impermissible in Shariah as it has been narrated from various texts.
In essence, if the rules of Tajweed are not overlooked, it is highly disliked to recite with these Maqaamaat and if the rules are neglected, it is impermissible to recite with these Maqaamaat; however, beautifying the voice while reciting still remains a commendable and praiseworthy action in the sight of Shariah as cited above. Besides this, if a person somehow recites and, unintentionally, his recitation resembles the Maqaamaat, he will not be sinful in this case.
Furthermore, the difference between Maqaamaat and Lehjah is that the former totally depends on musical patterns and the latter is related to the laws of Tajweed.
Note: This view is based on our research. We, therefore, suggest that you get opinions from pious Qurra Hadhraat (experts in the field of Tajweed & Qira’aat) as well.
Checked and Approved By:
Mufti Muhammed Saeed Motara Saheb D.B.
References
” زَيِّنُوا الْقُرْآنَ بِأَصْوَاتِكُمْ “
رواه النسائي ،۱۰۱۵ ، ابن ماجه ١٤٠٣ ، و ابو داود ١٤٦٨
لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالْقُرْآنِ”
رواه البخاري ٧٥٢٧
” إِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ نَزَلَ بِحُزْنٍ فَإِذَا قَرَأْتُمُوهُ فَابْكُوا فَإِنْ لَمْ تَبْكُوا فَتَبَاكَوْا وَتَغَنَّوْا بِهِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِهِ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا “
رواه ابن ماجه ۱۳۹۸
قرَؤُوا القُرآنَ بلحون العرب وأصواتها وإيَّاكم ولحونَ أهلِ الكِتابَيْنِ وأهل الفِسْقِ فإنَّه سيجيء بعدي قومٌ يُرجعونَ بالقُرآنِ ترجيع الغناء والرهبانِيَّةِ والنَّوحِ لا يُجَاوِزُ حناجرهم مفتونةٌ قلوبهم وقلوبُ مَن يُعجِبُهم شأنهم. (الطبراني)
و المراد بألحان العرب القراءة بالطبائع والأصوات السليقية و بألحان اهل الفسق الانغام المستفادة من القواعد الموسيقية و الأمر محمول على الندب والنهي محمول على الكراهة ان حصل له معه المحافظة على صحة ألفاظ الحروف والا فمحمول على التحريم.
(المنح الفكرية ٣٠ )
و قد انكر علماء السلف عليهم قراءتهم و هجروهم بل و افتوا ان من قرأ القرآن بالتمطيط و الألحان يضرب ضربا وجيعا و يحبس حتى يتوب. (الفتوحات الإلهية ٧٦ (
ذَهَبَ الْجُمْهُورُ إِلَى عَدَمِ جَوَازِ اسْتِمَاعِ تِلاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ بِالتَّرْجِيعِ وَالتَّلْحِينِ الْمُفْرِطِ الَّذِي فِيهِ التَّمْطِيطُ، وَإِشْبَاعُ الْحَرَكَاتِ. وَالتَّرْجِيعُ : أَي التَّرْدِيدُ لِلْحُرُوفِ وَالْإِخْرَاجُ لَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَخَارِجِهَا . وَقَالُوا : التَّالِي وَالْمُسْتَمِعُ فِي الأَمِثْمِ سَوَاءٌ، أَيْ إِذَا لَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ يُعَلِّمْهُ. أَمَّا تَحْسِينُ الصَّوْتِ بِقِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُخَالَفَةٍ لِأَنْ صُولِ الْقِرَاءَةِ فَهُوَ مُسْتَحَبٌ، وَاسْتِمَاعُهُ حَسَنٌ، لِقَوْل رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: زَيَّنُوا الْقُرْآنَ بِأَصْوَاتِكُمْ وَقَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ فِي أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِي: لَقَدْ أُوتِيَ مِزْمَارًا مِنْ
مَزَامِيرِ آل داوُدَ. الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية ص ۸۷-٨٨ ج ٤ مادة: استماع
فتاوى دار العلوم زكريا ص ۷۷۰-۷۷۳ ج ۷ ط: زمزم
البيان الحكم قراءة القرآن الكريم بالالحان مصنفه ايمن رشدي سويد ص ٤٤ – ٤٧
تجويد المبتدي المعروف ب فيوض مكيه” مصنفه قاري اسماعيل صادق صاحب ص ۱۱۸ – ۱۱۹ ط: قرات اكيدمي لاهور
وللمزيد لاحظ التغني بالقرآن للشيخ لبيب السعيد، والتغني بالقرآن للشيخ محمد ابو زهرة، والاتقان في علوم القرآن واحكام القرآن لابن العربي وفضائل القرآن لابن كثير، و البيان الحكم قراءة القرآن الكريم بالالحان …. خوش آوازی کی آڑ میں گلے بازی رسالہ از قاری ارشاد احمد قاسمی پڑھتاب گڑھی