Question
Zaid made a promise to feed the needy if his son recovers but he did not do it.
Zaid now wants to feed the needy. What are the requirements?
Answer
Firstly, we wish to mention that vow and promise will only be considered if they were pronounced verbally; therefore, by merely thinking about vows or making intention speechlessly will not result in any ruling whatsoever with regards to vows and promises.
In the enquired scenario, the person will feed the needy or give the Sadqat ul Fitr amount to the needy as soon as possible for all the vows he had taken, since his vows were fulfilled.
Moreover, if he intended a specific number (1, 2, 5, etc.) of needy people, that specific number of people should be fed with an amount of Sadaquat ul Fitr each. However, if he only made an intention to feed needy people (without any specific figure) when he made his promise, he will be obliged to feed 10 needy people or give 10 needy people the amount of Sadqat ul Fitr.
Checked and Approved By:
Mufti Muhammed Saeed Motara Saheb D.B.
References
واجب النذر) بلسانه (قوله بلسانه فلا يكفي لإيجابه النية منح عن شمس الأئمة ….
شامي ٢/٤٤١ ط سعيد
ومن نذر نذرا مطلقا أو معلقا بشرط وكان من جنسه (واجب) أي فرض كما سيصرح به تبعا للبحر والدرر (وهو عبادة مقصودة خرج الوضوء وتكفين الميت ووجد الشرط) المعلق به لزم الناذر) لحديث من نذر وسمى فعليه الوفاء بما سمى
شامي ٣/٧٣٥ ط سعيد
إِذَا جَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ طَعَامَ مَسَاكِينَ فَهُوَ عَلى ما نَوَى مِن عَدَدِ الْمَسَاكِينِ وَكِيلِ الطَّعَامِ وَإِنْ لم يَكُنْ له نِيَّةٌ فَعَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِن حِنْطَةٍ كَذَا فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ وَلَوْ قَالَ لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ إِطْعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ فِي الاسْتِحْسَانِ يَلْزَمُهُ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ من حِنْطَةٍ أو صَاعٌ من تمرٍ أو شَعِير ٢/٦٦
٠٠٠ الفتاوى الهندية ط: دار الفكر
آپ کے مسائل اور انکا حل ص ۱۹۵ / ۵ ط: لدھیانوی