Question
Is mahr considered a debt that prevents the obligation of Zakah?
Answer
If at the time of Nikah, Mahr is recorded as being due immediately, but the husband is delaying its payment, this Mahr may be regarded by him as a deductible liability, resulting in it being the cause of preventing the obligation of Zakaat. In other words, if after the husband deducts his liabilities (including the outstanding immediately payable Mahr) from his Zakaatable assets, he is not left with a surplus amount equivalent to the Nisaab of Zakaat, he will not be obliged to pay Zakaat. If the surplus after deduction amounts to the Nisaab, he will have to pay Zakaat.
If on the other hand, at the time of Nikah, the Mahr is deferred, then there could be one of two scenarios:
- The first scenario being that if the deferment is short-term, meaning that the husband has to pay it as soon as he can afford and he is in the process of procuring the Mahr amount, this can result in preventing the obligation of Zakaat. In other words, like in the case of cash Mahr, it can be deducted as a liability from his Zakaatable assets.
- The second scenario is where the deferment is long-term (on a “pay when you can” basis) resulting in the husband not making any urgent attempt to procure the amount, such a Mahr will not be deducted as a liability from his Zakaatable assets, meaning that it will not prevent the obligation of Zakaat. Thus, after deducting liabilities (other than the outstanding deferred Mahr, which will not be deducted) if the surplus Zakaatable assets amount to Nisaab, Zakaat will be payable, otherwise not.
The above discussion was with regard to obligation of Zakaat on the husband. If the purport of your question is whether the wife will be required to pay Zakaat on the Mahr amount that she is entitled to receive from her husband, then whether the Mahr was recorded as cash or deferred, the wife is not obliged to pay Zakaat on her Mahr before receiving it. Yes, after receiving it, she will add it onto her other Zakaatable assets and then see that if the Zakaatable assets amount to the Nisaab of Zakaat, she will pay Zakaat on the total Nisaab (including the Mahr that she received), otherwise not.
Checked and Approved By:
Mufti Muhammed Saeed Motara Saheb D.B.
References
(قوله: المؤجل ) وقيل : المهر المؤجل لا يمنع؛ لأنه غير مطالب به عادةً، بخلاف المعجل، و قيل، إن كان الزوج عزم على الاداء منع، وإلا فلا.
[ الطحطاوى ١/٣٩١ دار المعرفة ]
“ومنها: أن لا يكون عليه دين مطالب به من جهة العباد عندنا فإن كان فإنه يمنع وجوب الزكاة بقدره حالاً كان أو مؤجلاً … وعلى هذا يخرج مهر المرأة فإنه يمنع وجوب الزكاة عندنا معجلاً كان أو مؤجلاً؛ لأنها إذا طالبته يؤاخذ به، وقال بعض مشايخنا: إن المؤجل لا يمنع؛ لأنه غير مطالب به عادةً، فأما المعجل فيطالب به عادةً فيمنع، وقال بعضهم: إن كان الزوج على عزم من قضائه يمنع، وإن لم يكن على عزم القضاء لا يمنع؛ لأنه لا يعده دينًا وإنما يؤاخذ المرء بما عنده في الأحكام”.
[ بدائع الصنائع ٢/٣٩٠ دار الحديث ]
زوج کے ذمہ دینِ مہر واجب ہے، اگر وہ معجل ہے یعنی جس وقت بھی زوجہ طلب کرے اس کا ادا کرنا ضروری ہے، یا موجل ہے لیکن زوج خود ہی اس کو ادا کرنے کی فکر اور سعی میں لگا ہوا ہے اور جمع کر رہا ہے تا کہ ادا کرے تو ایسا دین مانع عن وجوب زکوۃ ہے، اس مقدار دین کے علاوہ اس کے پاس بقدر نصاب مال ہوگا تو اس پر زکوۃ واجب ہوگی ورنہ نہیں، اگر زوج ادا کرنے کی فکر وسعی میں لگا ہوا نہیں بلکہ اس کو اطمینان ہے کہ ادا نہیں کرنا ہے تو ایسا دین مانع عن وجوب زکوۃ نہیں ہے۰۰۰۰
شوہر کے ذمہ یہ دین مانع ہو یا نہ ہو بہر صورت زوجہ پر اس کی زکوۃ لازم نہیں، وجوب زکوۃ کے لئے ملک لازم ہے اور دین مہر پر ابھی ملک ہی زوجہ کی تحقیق نہیں ہوئی ہے، جب وصول ہو کر اس کی ملک ثابت ہو جائے گی اور اس پر سال بھر گزر جائے گا تب زوجہ کے ذمہ زکوۃ لازم ہوگی- [ فتاوی محمودیہ ۹/۳۱۹ جامعہ فاروقیہ ]
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